ویکی‌واژه:ترانویسی هندی

Wiktionary's system for the transliteration of Devanagari for Hindi corresponds mostly to the International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST) system. The main changes from the IAST standard are meant to optimise the system for Hindi, rather than Sanskrit, and are mostly present in the romanisation of nasal vowels.

Characters used in Sanskrit but not Hindi are not included in this guide.

همخوان‌ها

ترانویسی استاندارد ویکی‌واژه برای هندی

		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
velar	deva.	क	ख	ग	घ	ङ			ह
	trans.	k	kh	g	gh	ṅ			h
	IPA	[k]	[kʰ]	[g]	[gʱ]	[ŋ]			[h]/[ɦ]
palatal	deva.	च	छ	ज	झ	ञ	य	श
	trans.	c	ch	j	jh	ñ	y	ś
	IPA	[tʃ]	[tʃʰ]	[dʒ]	[dʒʱ]	[ɲ]	[j]	[ʃ]
retroflex	deva.	ट	ठ	ड	ढ	ण	र	ष
	trans.	ṭ	ṭh	ḍ	ḍh	ṇ	r	ṣ
	IPA	[ʈ]	[ʈʰ]	[ɖ]	[ɖʱ]	[ɳ]	[r]	[ʃ]
dental	deva.	त	थ	द	ध	न	ल	स
	trans.	t	th	d	dh	n	l	s
	IPA	[t̪]	[t̪ʰ]	[d̪]	[d̪ʱ]	[n]	[l]	[s]
labial	deva.	प	फ	ब	भ	म	व
	trans.	p	ph	b	bh	m	v
	IPA	[p]	[pʰ]	[b]	[bʱ]	[m]	[ʋ]/[v]/[w]

واکه‌ها

		1	2	3	4	5	6
short	independent	अ	इ	उ	ऋ	ए	ओ
	diacritic	inherent	ि	ु	ृ	े	ो
	trans.	a	i	u	ŕ	e	o
	IPA	[ə]	[ɪ]	[ʊ]	[rɪ]	[eː]	[oː]
long	independent	आ	ई	ऊ		ऐ	औ
	diacritic	ा	ी	ू		ै	ौ
	trans.	ā	ī	ū		ai	au
	IPA	[ɑː]	[iː]	[uː]		[ɛː]	[ɔː]

Nasalisation

The nasal diacritics (अनुस्वार, anusvar) and (चन्द्रबिन्दु, candrabindu) are "transliterated" according to their context in a word. Basically, the consonant (or lack thereof) immediately following the nasal vowel determines exactly how the transliteration will occur.

1. First, a tilde diacritic is added to the nasalized vowel

   ã, ā̃, ẽ, ĩ, ī̃, ũ, ū̃, etc.

   — For words ending in a nasal anusvar, this will usually suffice with no extra characters added to the end.

   e.g. आदमियों = ādmiyõ

2. If a consonant follows the nasalised vowel, the transliteration of the consonant's corresponding nasal consonant follows.

   Gutturals (क, ख, ग, घ, ह) will use ṅ (for ङ)

   Dentals (त, थ, द, ध, ल, स) will use n (for न)

   Labials (प, फ, ब, भ, व) will use m (for म), etc.

   — 'n' and 'm' are disambiguated from न and म by the tilde of the preceding vowel.

   e.g. रंग = rãṅg

نقطه‌ها(Nuqtā)

The (नुक़्ता, nuqtā) diacritic describes sounds not found in Sanskrit, and therefore not represented by standard Devanagari. Most of these sounds are found in Persian and English loanwords.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
deva.	क़	ख़	ग़	ज़	झ़	फ़	ड़	ढ़
trans.	q	x	ġ	z	ź, ž	f	ṛ	ṛh
IPA	[q]	[x]	[ɣ]	[z]	[ʒ]	[f]	[ɽ]	[ɽʱ]

دیگر

The conjunct ज्ञ, which is a combination of ज and ञ, while pronounced and transliterated jñ in Sanskrit is transliterated "gy" for Hindi.

ळ is transliterated as "ḷ". थ़ is transliterated as "θ".

Visarga symbol ः is transliterated as "ḥ", e.g. दूःख (duḥkh), छः (chaḥ).

See also

• Module:hi-translit